Headaches in Children and Adolescents

As a neurologist, I often see children and teenagers struggling with headaches. Early recognition and proper management can make a big difference in their well-being and academic performance. Through my work in both the UK and India, I’ve helped many families understand and address headaches in young people.

Why Do Children and Adolescents Get Headaches?

Headaches are common in young people and can have many causes:

• Tension headaches (often related to stress, school pressure, or posture)
• Migraines (can be triggered by certain foods, lack of sleep, or hormonal changes)
• Sinus headaches (due to allergies or infections)
• Other causes (eye strain, dehydration, skipping meals, screen time, or underlying medical conditions)

Recognizing Headache Types in Young People

Tension Headaches

• Dull, aching pain
• Often described as a tight band around the head
• May be linked to stress, anxiety, or poor posture

Migraines

• Throbbing pain, often on one side
• May include nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound
• Can last from a few hours to a couple of days

Sinus Headaches

• Pain in the forehead, cheeks, or around the eyes
• Often with nasal congestion or runny nose

Warning Signs: When to Worry

While most headaches in children are not serious, watch for these red flags:

• Sudden, severe headache
• Headache with fever, stiff neck, or rash
• Headache after a head injury
• Headache with confusion, vision changes, or weakness
• Headache that wakes the child from sleep

If any of these occur, seek medical attention immediately.

Common Triggers in Children and Teens

• Stress from school or social situations
• Lack of sleep or irregular sleep schedule
• Skipping meals or dehydration
• Excessive screen time
• Poor posture
• Hormonal changes (especially in adolescents)
• Environmental factors (noise, bright lights)

Management and Relief Strategies

At Home

• Encourage regular sleep and meal times
• Ensure proper hydration
• Limit screen time and encourage breaks
• Teach relaxation techniques (deep breathing, mindfulness)
• Provide a quiet, dark room for rest during a headache
• Use cold or warm compresses as needed

When to Use Medication

• Over-the-counter pain relief (paracetamol/acetaminophen or ibuprofen) can be used occasionally, but avoid frequent use
• Always consult a doctor before giving medication regularly

Prevention Tips

• Maintain a consistent daily routine
• Encourage physical activity and outdoor play
• Promote healthy eating habits
• Teach stress management and coping skills
• Ensure regular eye check-ups

Doctor’s Perspective: Supporting Families

In my practice, I’ve seen that open communication between parents, teachers, and children is key. Keeping a headache diary can help identify triggers and patterns. Early intervention and reassurance can reduce anxiety and improve outcomes.

Take Action Today

1. Talk to your child about their headaches and feelings
2. Start a headache diary to track symptoms and triggers
3. Encourage healthy habits and routines
4. Consult a doctor if headaches are frequent, severe, or concerning

Common Questions

1. Are headaches in children serious? Most are not, but warning signs should never be ignored.
2. Can stress cause headaches in kids? Yes, stress is a common trigger for tension headaches.
3. Should children take painkillers for headaches? Occasionally, but frequent use should be avoided. Always consult a doctor.
4. Can screen time cause headaches? Yes, excessive screen time can contribute to headaches in young people.

A Message of Hope

With understanding, support, and healthy habits, most children and adolescents can manage headaches effectively and enjoy a full, active life. Early recognition and care make all the difference.